Wheels and Tyres Guide – General Information

Chapter overview

• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  1
• 1 Instructions on using the guide
  1
• 1.1 Overview
  1
• 1.2 General information
  1
• 1.3 Notes
  2
• 1.4 Explanations regarding world regions
  3
• 1.5 Definition of tyre package
  3
• 1.6 Procedure for determining the required tyre package
  4
• 1.7 Vehicle registration certificate part 1
  5
• 1.8 NEDC, WLTP and RDE
  6
• 1.9 Type approval number identification for vehicles tested in accordance with WLTP
  7
• 2 Legislative and technical conditions
  9
• 2.1 Legislative conditions
  9
• 2.2 Technical conditions
  10
• 2.3 Load-carrying capacity depending on vehicle speed, winter tyres
  10
• 2.4 Vehicle registration documents since 01.10.2005
  12
• 2.5 COC document (EEC Certificate of Conformity)
  13
• 2.6 EU general type approval number, sales type and sales or trade designation
  13
• 3 Wheel change
  16
• 3.1 Fitting instructions
  16
• 3.2 Protecting wheel centring seat against corrosion
  19
• 3.3 Fitting wheels
  20
• 3.4 Position of anti-theft wheel bolts for steel wheels
  21
• 4 Fitting tyre
  22
• 4.1 Pressing tyre off wheel rim
  22
• 4.2 Removing tyre sealant
  23
• 4.3 Removing tyre from wheel
  23
• 4.4 Ensuring proper assembly temperature for tyres
  27
• 4.5 Fitting tyre
  28
• 4.6 Matching wheel rims and tyres
  32
• 4.7 Checking radial and lateral runout of wheels and tyres
  33
• 4.8 Matching wheels and tyres
  35
• 4.9 Balancing wheel
  36
• 4.10 Tyre sealant disposal
  41
• 5 Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  42
• 5.1 System description - Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  42
• 5.2 Overview of fitting locations - Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  46
• 5.3 Assembly overview - tyre pressure sensor
  50
• 5.4 Removing and installing tyre pressure sensor G222/G223/G224/G225
  55
• 5.5 Removing and installing Tyre Pressure Monitoring System control unit J502
  63
• 5.6 Removing and installing tyre pressure monitor sender unit in wheel housing
  72
• 6 Wheel bolts
  75
• 6.1 Wheel bolts, versions
  75
• 6.2 Wheel bolts, anti-theft wheel bolt
  77
• 6.3 Wheel bolts, adapter sets for anti-theft wheel bolts
  77
• 7 Information on tyres
  80
• 7.1 Identification markings on the tyre sidewall
  80
• 7.2 Tyre dimension
  82
• 7.3 Load rating code/load index (LI)
  82
• 7.4 Speed rating code
  83
• 7.5 EU tyre label
  83
• 7.6 Structure of a radial belted tyre
  89
• 7.7 Run-flat tyre, SST (Self Supporting Tyre)
  95
• 7.8 Tyre storage
  96
• 7.9 Reinforced and Extra Load (XL) tyres
  97
• 7.10 M+S tyres
  98
• 7.11 Winter tyres with speed symbol V
  100
• 7.12 All-season tyres
  101
• 7.13 Optimised rolling resistance tyres
  102
• 7.14 Tyre ageing
  102
• 7.15 Tyres with flange protection
  103
• 7.16 Tyre sizes for vehicles with all-wheel drive
  104
• 7.17 Increase in temperature due to insufficient tyre pressure
  104
• 8 Tyre sealant
  106
• 8.1 Models with breakdown set
  106
• 8.2 Storage life
  106
• 8.3 Disposal
  106
• 9 Information about wheels (rims)
  107
• 9.1 Structure of wheel (rim)
  107
• 9.2 Identification
  108
• 9.3 Composite wheels
  109
• 9.4 Care and maintenance of alloy wheel rims
  109
• 9.5 Restoring alloy wheels
  109
• 9.6 Removing and installing hub cover for alloy wheels with open threaded connection
  110
• 9.7 Renewing trim elements
  111
• 9.8 Removing and installing valve
  116
• 10 Handling problems
  120
• 10.1 Rolling noise
  120
• 10.2 Vehicle pulls to one side
  122
• 10.3 Vibration
  127
• 10.4 Eliminating flat spots caused by storage or handling
  128
• 11 Evaluating tyres
  130
• 11.1 Flat spots caused by storage or handling
  130
• 11.2 Undulations
  130
• 11.3 Saw-tooth wear
  131
• 11.4 Flat spots caused by hard braking
  131
• 11.5 Swellings in the tyre sidewall
  131
• 11.6 Cuts
  133
• 11.7 Damage caused by foreign bodies
  133
• 11.8 Stripped profile
  134
• 11.9 Tyre damage due to insufficient tyre pressure
  134
• 11.10 Checking tyres
  135
• 11.11 Damage caused when fitting
  136
• 12 Tyre wear
  138
• 12.1 Factors influencing the service life of tyres
  138
• 12.2 Saw-tooth wear
  139
• 12.3 Wear behaviour of high-speed tyres
  140
• 12.4 Measuring tread depth
  140
• 12.5 One-sided wear
  141
• 12.6 Outer shoulder wear
  143
• 12.7 Diagonal washout
  144
• 12.8 Wear in middle of tyre
  145
• 12.9 Permissible deviation in tread depth
  145
• 13 Overview of components
  146
• 13.1 Assembly overview - wheel
  146
• 14 Snow chains
  149
• 14.1 Assembly and use of snow chains
  149
• 15 Regular and temporary spare wheels, recommended temporary spare tyres
  150
• 15.1 Spare wheel with yellow sticker
  150
• 15.2 Temporary spare wheels and recommended temporary spare tyres
  151