Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  1
• 2 Repair instructions
  2
• 2.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  2
• 2.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  2
• 2.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  3
• 2.4 Steering rack
  3
• 2.5 Gaskets and seals
  4
• 2.6 Nuts and bolts
  4
• 2.7 Electrical components
  4
• 2.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  5
• 3 Evaluating accident vehicles
  16
• 3.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  16
• 4 Technical data
  18
• 4.1 Running gear
  18
• 5 Disposal
  19
• 5.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  19
• 5.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  19
• 6 Hazard classification of high-voltage system
  21
• Front suspension
  22
• 1 Front axle
  22
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations – front axle
  22
• 2 Subframe
  23
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  23
• 2.2 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  26
• 2.3 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  34
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  48
• 2.5 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  70
• 2.6 Removing and installing coupling rod
  78
• 2.7 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  79
• 2.8 Fixing subframe in position
  79
• 2.9 Lowering subframe
  85
• 3 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  93
• 3.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  93
• 3.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  95
• 3.3 Repairing suspension strut
  102
• 4 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  107
• 4.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  107
• 4.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  110
• 4.3 Renewing mounting bracket with suspension link bush
  122
• 4.4 Checking swivel joint
  125
• 4.5 Removing and installing swivel joint
  126
• 4.6 Renewing bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  129
• 5 Wheel bearing
  140
• 5.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  140
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  142
• 5.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  148
• 6 Drive shaft
  153
• 6.1 Overview - drive shaft
  153
• 6.2 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  154
• 6.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  160
• 6.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  168
• 6.5 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  169
• 6.6 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  187
• 6.7 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  188
• Rear suspension
  192
• 1 Rear axle
  192
• 1.1 Overview – rear axle
  192
• 1.2 Removing and installing rear axle shaft
  193
• 2 Axle beam
  194
• 2.1 Assembly overview – axle beam
  194
• 2.2 Removing and installing axle beam
  195
• 2.3 Renewing bonded rubber bush for axle beam
  202
• 3 Anti-roll bar
  205
• 3.1 Assembly overview – anti-roll bar
  205
• 3.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  205
• 3.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  207
• 4 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  209
• 4.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  209
• 4.2 Removing and installing shock absorber
  211
• 4.3 Removing and installing spring
  216
• 4.4 Renewing bonded rubber bush for spring
  219
• 4.5 Removing and installing shackle
  220
• 5 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  222
• 5.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  222
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  224
• Self-levelling suspension
  230
• 1 Vehicle level sender
  230
• 1.1 Assembly overview – front vehicle level senders
  230
• 1.2 Assembly overview – rear vehicle level senders
  231
• 1.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78/G289
  231
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76/G77
  233
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  235
• 1 Wheels, tyres
  235
• 1.1 Removing tyre from wheel
  235
• 1.2 Fitting tyre
  235
• 1.3 Wheel change
  236
• 1.4 Specified torques for wheel bolts
  241
• 1.5 Pressing tyre off wheel rim
  241
• 1.6 Tyre sealant disposal
  242
• 1.7 Models with breakdown set
  242
• 2 Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  243
• 2.1 System description – Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  243
• 3 Wheel alignment
  245
• 3.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  245
• 3.2 Conditions for testing
  245
• 3.3 Test preparations
  246
• 3.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  248
• 3.5 Wheel alignment procedure
  251
• 3.6 Necessity of wheel alignment
  252
• 3.7 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  253
• 3.8 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  257
• 3.9 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  257
• 3.10 Adjusting front axle toe
  257
• 3.11 Vehicle data sticker
  258
• 4 Adaptive cruise control
  260
• 4.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  260
• 5 Front camera for assist systems
  267
• 5.1 Calibrating front camera for assist systems
  267
• Steering
  275
• 1 Steering wheel
  275
• 1.1 Assembly overview – steering wheel
  275
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  275
• 2 Steering column
  278
• 2.1 Assembly overview – steering column
  278
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  280
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  280
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  282
• 2.5 Removing and installing mounting bracket with strut
  295
• 3 Steering rack
  297
• 3.1 Assembly overview – steering rack
  297
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  299
• 3.3 Removing and installing bellows
  312
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  315
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  320
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  322
• 4 Sensors
  325
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  325