Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with a start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on high-voltage system
  1
• 1.3 Safety precautions when working in the vicinity of high-voltage components
  2
• 1.4 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  2
• 2 Repair instructions
  3
• 2.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  3
• 2.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  3
• 2.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  4
• 2.4 Steering rack
  4
• 2.5 Gaskets and seals
  5
• 2.6 Nuts and bolts
  5
• 2.7 Electrical components
  5
• 2.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  6
• 3 Evaluating accident vehicles
  10
• 3.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  10
• 4 Disposal
  12
• 4.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  12
• 4.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  14
• Front suspension
  16
• 1 Front axle
  16
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations – front axle
  16
• 2 Subframe
  19
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  19
• 2.2 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  19
• 2.3 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  25
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  33
• 2.5 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  46
• 2.6 Fixing subframe in position
  46
• 2.7 Lowering subframe
  50
• 3 Anti-roll bar
  56
• 3.1 Assembly overview – anti-roll bar
  56
• 3.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  56
• 3.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  62
• 4 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  64
• 4.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  64
• 4.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  65
• 4.3 Repairing suspension strut
  76
• 5 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  81
• 5.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  81
• 5.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  82
• 5.3 Checking swivel joint
  96
• 5.4 Removing and installing swivel joint
  96
• 5.5 Renewing front bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  101
• 5.6 Renewing rear bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  105
• 6 Wheel bearing
  109
• 6.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  109
• 6.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  109
• 6.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  116
• 7 Drive shaft
  121
• 7.1 Overview - drive shaft
  121
• 7.2 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  122
• 7.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  128
• 7.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  150
• 7.5 Removing and installing drive shaft heat shield
  151
• 7.6 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  152
• 7.7 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  176
• 7.8 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  177
• Rear suspension
  181
• 1 Rear axle
  181
• 1.1 Overview – rear axle
  181
• 1.2 Lowering rear axle
  183
• 1.3 Removing and installing rear axle
  193
• 1.4 Removing and installing shield for rear axle
  207
• 2 Subframe
  209
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  209
• 2.2 Assembly overview - add-on parts for subframe
  210
• 2.3 Fixing subframe in position
  211
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  226
• 3 Anti-roll bar
  241
• 3.1 Assembly overview – anti-roll bar
  241
• 3.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  242
• 3.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  244
• 4 Suspension link, track rod
  247
• 4.1 Assembly overview - transverse link
  247
• 4.2 Assembly overview – track rod
  251
• 4.3 Removing and installing upper transverse link
  252
• 4.4 Removing and installing lower transverse link
  253
• 4.5 Removing and installing track rod
  255
• 5 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  258
• 5.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  258
• 5.2 Removing and installing shock absorber
  259
• 5.3 Repairing shock absorber
  263
• 5.4 Removing and installing spring
  265
• 6 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  273
• 6.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  273
• 6.2 Assembly overview - trailing arm
  275
• 6.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  276
• 6.4 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  288
• 6.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for wheel bearing housing
  296
• 6.6 Removing and installing trailing arm with mounting bracket
  299
• 6.7 Repairing trailing arm
  303
• 7 Drive shaft
  314
• 7.1 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  314
• 7.2 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  318
• 7.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  319
• 7.4 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  327
• 7.5 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  332
• 7.6 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  334
• Self-levelling suspension
  337
• 1 Electronic damping control
  337
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations - electronically controlled damping system
  337
• 1.2 Removing and installing electronically controlled damping control unit J250
  339
• 1.3 Removing and installing front body acceleration senders G341/G342
  342
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear left body acceleration sender G699
  344
• 2 Vehicle level sender
  349
• 2.1 Assembly overview – front vehicle level senders
  349
• 2.2 Assembly overview – rear vehicle level senders
  350
• 2.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78/G289
  351
• 2.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76/G77
  353
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  356
• 1 Wheel alignment
  356
• 1.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  356
• 1.2 Conditions for testing
  357
• 1.3 Test preparations
  357
• 1.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  359
• 1.5 Wheel alignment procedure
  362
• 1.6 Necessity of wheel alignment
  364
• 1.7 Vehicle data sticker
  365
• 1.8 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  365
• 1.9 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  367
• 1.10 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  369
• 1.11 Adjusting front axle toe
  369
• 1.12 Wheel runout compensation
  371
• 1.13 Checking maximum steering wheel angle
  371
• 2 Adaptive cruise control
  373
• 2.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  373
• 3 Front camera for assist systems
  385
• 3.1 Calibrating front camera for driver assist systems
  385
• Steering
  393
• 1 Steering wheel
  393
• 1.1 Assembly overview – steering wheel
  393
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  393
• 2 Steering column
  396
• 2.1 Assembly overview – steering column
  396
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  397
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  398
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  399
• 2.5 Removing and installing control unit for electronic steering column lock J764
  409
• 3 Steering rack
  412
• 3.1 Assembly overview – steering rack
  412
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  417
• 3.3 Removing and installing bellows
  428
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  431
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  436
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  438
• 4 Sensors
  443
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  443