Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with a start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  1
• 2 Evaluating accident vehicles
  2
• 2.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  2
• 3 Repair notes
  4
• 3.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  4
• 3.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  4
• 3.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  5
• 3.4 Steering rack
  5
• 3.5 Gaskets and seals
  6
• 3.6 Nuts and bolts
  6
• 3.7 Electrical components
  6
• 3.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  7
• 4 Waste disposal
  13
• 4.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  13
• 4.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  15
• Front suspension
  17
• 1 Front axle
  17
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations - front axle
  17
• 2 Subframe
  18
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  18
• 2.2 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  20
• 2.3 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  25
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  33
• 2.5 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  43
• 2.6 Removing and installing coupling rod
  49
• 2.7 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  50
• 2.8 Fixing position of subframe
  50
• 2.9 Lowering subframe
  55
• 3 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  60
• 3.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  60
• 3.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  61
• 3.3 Repairing suspension strut
  72
• 4 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  76
• 4.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  76
• 4.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  77
• 4.3 Checking swivel joint
  85
• 4.4 Removing and installing swivel joint
  86
• 4.5 Renewing front bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  91
• 4.6 Renewing rear bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  95
• 5 Wheel bearing
  99
• 5.1 Assembly overview - wheel bearing
  99
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  99
• 5.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  106
• 6 Drive shaft
  111
• 6.1 Overview - drive shaft
  111
• 6.2 Assembly overview - drive shaft
  112
• 6.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  120
• 6.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  140
• 6.5 Removing and installing drive shaft heat shield
  142
• 6.6 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  143
• 6.7 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  164
• 6.8 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  165
• Rear suspension
  169
• 1 Rear axle
  169
• 1.1 Overview - rear axle
  169
• 1.2 Lowering rear axle
  170
• 1.3 Removing and installing rear axle
  177
• 1.4 Removing and installing shield for rear axle
  187
• 2 Subframe
  189
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  189
• 2.2 Assembly overview - add-on parts for subframe
  190
• 2.3 Fixing position of subframe
  191
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  201
• 3 Anti-roll bar
  216
• 3.1 Assembly overview - anti-roll bar
  216
• 3.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  216
• 3.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  218
• 4 Suspension link, track rod
  222
• 4.1 Assembly overview - transverse link
  222
• 4.2 Assembly overview - track rod
  224
• 4.3 Removing and installing upper transverse link
  224
• 4.4 Removing and installing lower transverse link
  226
• 4.5 Removing and installing track rod
  228
• 5 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  230
• 5.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  230
• 5.2 Removing and installing shock absorbers
  231
• 5.3 Repairing shock absorber
  235
• 5.4 Removing and installing spring
  237
• 6 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  245
• 6.1 Assembly overview - wheel bearing
  245
• 6.2 Assembly overview - trailing arm
  246
• 6.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  247
• 6.4 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  253
• 6.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for wheel bearing housing
  256
• 6.6 Removing and installing trailing arm with mounting bracket
  260
• 6.7 Repairing trailing arm
  264
• 7 Drive shaft
  269
• 7.1 Assembly overview - drive shaft
  269
• 7.2 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  273
• 7.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  275
• 7.4 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  282
• 7.5 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  289
• 7.6 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  290
• Self-levelling suspension
  294
• 1 Electronically controlled damping system
  294
• 1.1 Assembly overview - electronically controlled damping system
  294
• 1.2 Removing and installing electronically controlled damping control unit J250
  296
• 1.3 Removing and installing front body acceleration senders G341/G342
  297
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear left body acceleration sender G699
  300
• 2 Vehicle level sender
  302
• 2.1 Assembly overview - front vehicle level senders
  302
• 2.2 Assembly overview - rear vehicle level senders
  303
• 2.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78/G289
  303
• 2.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76/G77
  305
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  307
• 1 Wheels, tyres
  307
• 1.1 Specified torques for wheel bolts
  307
• 1.2 Pressing tyre off wheel rim
  307
• 1.3 Removing tyre from wheel
  308
• 1.4 Fitting tyre
  309
• 1.5 Wheel change
  310
• 1.6 Tyre sealant disposal
  314
• 1.7 Models with breakdown set
  315
• 2 Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  316
• 2.1 Overview of fitting locations - Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  316
• 2.2 System description - Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  317
• 2.3 Assembly overview - tyre pressure sensor
  318
• 2.4 Removing and installing Tyre Pressure Monitoring System control unit J502
  319
• 2.5 Removing and installing tyre pressure sensor G222/G223/G224/G225
  320
• 3 Wheel alignment
  323
• 3.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  323
• 3.2 Conditions for testing
  324
• 3.3 Test preparations
  324
• 3.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  326
• 3.5 Wheel alignment procedure
  327
• 3.6 Necessity of wheel alignment
  329
• 3.7 Vehicle data sticker
  330
• 3.8 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  330
• 3.9 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  332
• 3.10 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  334
• 3.11 Adjusting front axle toe
  334
• 3.12 Wheel runout compensation
  336
• 3.13 Checking maximum wheel lock
  336
• 4 Vibration due to wheels/tyres - causes and rectification
  338
• 4.1 Causes of rough running
  338
• 4.2 Conducting a road test before balancing wheels
  338
• 4.3 Balancing wheel
  339
• 4.4 Vibration control system
  342
• 4.5 Checking radial and lateral runout of wheels and tyres
  343
• 4.6 Checking radial and lateral run-out on wheel rim
  345
• 4.7 Matching wheels and tyres
  346
• 4.8 Determining flat spots on tyres
  347
• 5 Adaptive cruise control
  349
• 5.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  349
• 6 Front camera for assist systems
  355
• 6.1 Calibrating front camera for driver assist systems
  355
• Steering
  363
• 1 Steering wheel
  363
• 1.1 Assembly overview - steering wheel
  363
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  363
• 2 Steering column
  366
• 2.1 Assembly overview - steering column
  366
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  368
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  369
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  370
• 2.5 Removing and installing control unit for electronic steering column lock J764
  381
• 3 Steering rack
  386
• 3.1 Assembly overview - steering rack
  386
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  389
• 3.3 Removing and installing boot
  399
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  402
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  407
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  409
• 4 Sensors
  412
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  412