Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Assessment of crashed vehicles
  1
• 1.1 Checklist for assessment of the chassis of crashed vehicles
  1
• 2 General guidelines
  3
• 2.1 Tyre types
  3
• 3 Repair instructions
  4
• 3.1 Lift the axles in unloaded condition
  4
• 3.2 General repair instructions
  9
• 3.3 Steering rack
  9
• 3.4 Seals, ring seals
  10
• 3.5 Screws, nuts
  10
• 3.6 Electric components
  10
• 3.7 Longitudinal member damaged thread repair (body auxiliary frame)
  10
• Front suspension
  11
• 1 Front suspension
  11
• 1.1 Front suspension - general assembly overview
  11
• 2 Assembly carrier
  13
• 2.1 Assembly carrier - assembly overview
  13
• 2.2 Auxiliary frame - install
  15
• 2.3 Subframe - lower
  17
• 2.4 Subframe without steering wheel rack - remove and install
  19
• 2.5 Anti-roll bar - remove and install
  21
• 2.6 Anti-roll bar mounting - replace
  23
• 3 Front suspension column
  25
• 3.1 Front suspension column - general assembly overview
  25
• 3.2 Suspension strut - remove and install
  26
• 3.3 Suspension strut - repair
  32
• 4 Wishbone, swivel joint
  36
• 4.1 Wishbone, swivel joint - assembly overview
  36
• 4.2 Wishbone - remove and install
  37
• 4.3 Wishbone - replace metal-rubber bearing
  40
• 4.4 Swivel guide - check
  46
• 4.5 Swivel guide - remove and install
  46
• 5 Wheel roller bearings
  52
• 5.1 Wheel roller bearings - general overview of assembly
  52
• 5.2 Wheel bearing - replace
  53
• 5.3 Wheel bearing case - remove and install
  65
• 6 Drive shaft
  71
• 6.1 Drive shaft - assembly overview
  71
• 6.2 Drive shaft - remove and install
  72
• 6.3 Drive shaft - assemble and disassemble
  77
• 6.4 External constant velocity joint - check
  82
• Rear suspension
  84
• 1 Rear suspension
  84
• 1.1 Rear suspension - assembly overview
  84
• 1.2 Rear axle - lower
  85
• 1.3 Rear axle - remove and install
  87
• 2 Axle beam
  92
• 2.1 Axle body - assembly overview
  92
• 2.2 Axle body bonded rubber mountings - replace
  94
• 3 Shock absorber, spring
  98
• 3.1 Shock absorber, spring - assembly overview
  98
• 3.2 Shock absorber - remove and install
  99
• 3.3 Shock absorber - repair
  102
• 3.4 Spring - remove and install
  104
• 4 Wheel bearings for drum brakes
  106
• 4.1 Wheel bearings for drum brakes - assembly overview
  106
• 4.2 Wheel bearing set - remove and install
  107
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  110
• 1 Wheels, tyres
  110
• 1.1 Wheel bolt tightening torque
  110
• 1.2 Changing wheels
  110
• 1.3 Tyres - assembly
  113
• 2 Axle alignment
  114
• 2.1 Axle alignment instructions
  114
• 2.2 Alignment requirement
  114
• 2.3 Checking conditions:
  115
• 2.4 Preparation for measurement
  116
• 2.5 Nominal values for vehicle alignment
  117
• 2.6 Vehicle data tag
  119
• 2.7 Axle alignment process overview
  120
• 2.8 Camber on front axle - adjust
  121
• 2.9 Camber on rear axle - adjust
  123
• 2.10 Convergence on rear axle - adjust
  123
• 2.11 Convergence on the front axle - adjust
  123
• 2.12 Left and right-hand steering - check
  123
• 3 Irregular driving due to wheels/tyres - reasons and solution
  125
• 3.1 Irregular driving - causes
  125
• 3.2 Test drive before balancing - execute
  125
• 3.3 Wheel balancing
  126
• 3.4 Vibration control system
  130
• 3.5 Check vertical and lateral wheel/tyre offset
  130
• 3.6 Wheel vertical and lateral offset - check
  131
• 3.7 Wheel and tyres - matching
  132
• 3.8 Wheel stop mark - determine
  133
• Steering
  135
• 1 Steering wheel
  135
• 1.1 Steering wheel - assembly overview
  135
• 1.2 Steering wheel - remove and install
  135
• 2 Steering column
  138
• 2.1 Steering column - assembly overview
  138
• 2.2 Steering column - remove and install
  141
• 2.3 Handling and transporting the steering column
  148
• 2.4 Steering column unit - remove and install
  149
• 2.5 Intermediate steering axle - remove and install
  151
• 3 Steering rack
  154
• 3.1 Steering rack - general overview of assembly
  154
• 3.2 Steering rack- remove and install
  155
• 3.3 Steering box - repair
  158
• 3.4 Track rod - remove and install
  159
• 3.5 Track rod ball joint - remove and install
  161