Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with a start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  1
• 2 Evaluating accident vehicles
  2
• 2.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  2
• 3 Repair notes
  4
• 3.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  4
• 3.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  4
• 3.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  5
• 3.4 Steering rack
  5
• 3.5 Gaskets and seals
  6
• 3.6 Nuts and bolts
  6
• 3.7 Electrical components
  6
• 3.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  7
• 4 Disposal
  11
• 4.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  11
• 4.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  13
• Front suspension
  15
• 1 Front axle
  15
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations – front axle
  15
• 2 Subframe
  16
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  16
• 2.2 Fixing subframe in position
  18
• 2.3 Lowering subframe
  22
• 2.4 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  26
• 2.5 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  32
• 2.6 Repairing subframe
  40
• 2.7 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  53
• 2.8 Removing and installing coupling rod
  59
• 2.9 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  60
• 3 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  61
• 3.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  61
• 3.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  62
• 3.3 Repairing suspension strut
  74
• 4 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  78
• 4.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  78
• 4.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  79
• 4.3 Checking swivel joint
  88
• 4.4 Removing and installing swivel joint
  88
• 4.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  93
• 5 Wheel bearing
  101
• 5.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  101
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  101
• 5.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  106
• 6 Drive shaft
  112
• 6.1 Overview - drive shaft
  112
• 6.2 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  113
• 6.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  119
• 6.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  138
• 6.5 Removing and installing drive shaft heat shield
  139
• 6.6 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  140
• 6.7 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  158
• 6.8 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  160
• Rear suspension
  163
• 1 Rear axle
  163
• 1.1 Overview – rear axle
  163
• 1.2 Lowering rear axle
  164
• 1.3 Removing and installing rear axle
  168
• 1.4 Removing and installing shield for rear axle
  173
• 2 Subframe
  175
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  175
• 2.2 Assembly overview - add-on parts for subframe
  175
• 2.3 Fixing subframe in position
  176
• 3 Anti-roll bar
  182
• 3.1 Assembly overview – anti-roll bar
  182
• 3.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  182
• 3.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  184
• 4 Suspension link, track rod
  188
• 4.1 Assembly overview - transverse link
  188
• 4.2 Assembly overview – track rod
  190
• 4.3 Removing and installing upper transverse link
  190
• 4.4 Removing and installing lower transverse link
  192
• 4.5 Removing and installing track rod
  194
• 5 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  197
• 5.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  197
• 5.2 Removing and installing shock absorber
  198
• 5.3 Repairing shock absorber
  202
• 5.4 Removing and installing spring
  204
• 6 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  212
• 6.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  212
• 6.2 Assembly overview - trailing arm
  213
• 6.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  214
• 6.4 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  220
• 6.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for wheel bearing housing
  225
• 6.6 Removing and installing trailing arm with mounting bracket
  229
• 6.7 Repairing trailing arm, standard trailing arm bushes
  232
• Self-levelling suspension
  238
• 1 Electronically controlled damping system
  238
• 1.1 Assembly overview - electronically controlled damping system
  238
• 1.2 Removing and installing electronically controlled damping control unit J250
  240
• 1.3 Removing and installing front body acceleration senders G341/G342
  241
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear left body acceleration sender G699
  245
• 2 Vehicle level sender
  247
• 2.1 Assembly overview – front vehicle level senders
  247
• 2.2 Assembly overview – rear vehicle level senders
  248
• 2.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78/G289
  248
• 2.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76/G77
  250
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  252
• 1 Wheel alignment
  252
• 1.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  252
• 1.2 Conditions for testing
  253
• 1.3 Test preparations
  253
• 1.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  255
• 1.5 Wheel alignment procedure
  257
• 1.6 Necessity of wheel alignment
  258
• 1.7 Vehicle data sticker
  259
• 1.8 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  260
• 1.9 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  262
• 1.10 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  263
• 1.11 Adjusting front axle toe
  264
• 1.12 Wheel runout compensation
  265
• 1.13 Checking maximum steering wheel angle
  266
• 2 Adaptive cruise control
  267
• 2.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  267
• 3 Front camera for assist systems
  272
• 3.1 Calibrating front camera for driver assist systems
  272
• Steering
  281
• 1 Steering wheel
  281
• 1.1 Assembly overview – steering wheel
  281
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  281
• 2 Steering column
  284
• 2.1 Assembly overview – steering column
  284
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  285
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  286
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  287
• 2.5 Removing and installing control unit for electronic steering column lock J764
  298
• 3 Steering rack
  301
• 3.1 Assembly overview – steering rack
  301
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  306
• 3.3 Removing and installing boot
  317
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  320
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  325
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  327
• 4 Sensors
  332
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  332