Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with a start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on high-voltage system
  1
• 1.3 Safety precautions when working in the vicinity of high-voltage components
  2
• 1.4 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  2
• 2 Repair notes
  3
• 2.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  3
• 2.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  3
• 2.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  4
• 2.4 Steering rack
  4
• 2.5 Gaskets and seals
  5
• 2.6 Nuts and bolts
  5
• 2.7 Electrical components
  5
• 2.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  6
• 3 Evaluating accident vehicles
  12
• 3.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  12
• 4 Disposal
  14
• 4.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  14
• 4.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  16
• Front suspension
  18
• 1 Front axle
  18
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations - front axle
  18
• 2 Subframe
  19
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  19
• 2.2 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  21
• 2.3 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  30
• 2.4 Repairing subframe
  61
• 2.5 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  73
• 2.6 Removing and installing coupling rod
  78
• 2.7 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  80
• 2.8 Fixing subframe in position
  80
• 2.9 Lowering subframe
  85
• 3 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  96
• 3.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  96
• 3.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  97
• 3.3 Repairing suspension strut
  108
• 4 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  112
• 4.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  112
• 4.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  113
• 4.3 Checking swivel joint
  127
• 4.4 Removing and installing swivel joint
  128
• 4.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  133
• 5 Wheel bearing
  141
• 5.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  141
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  141
• 5.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  148
• 6 Drive shaft
  153
• 6.1 Overview - drive shaft
  153
• 6.2 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  154
• 6.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  160
• 6.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  186
• 6.5 Removing and installing drive shaft heat shield
  187
• 6.6 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  188
• 6.7 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  206
• 6.8 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  207
• Rear suspension
  211
• 1 Rear axle
  211
• 1.1 Overview – rear axle
  211
• 1.2 Lowering rear axle
  215
• 1.3 Removing and installing rear axle
  227
• 1.4 Removing and installing shield for rear axle
  248
• 2 Axle beam
  250
• 2.1 Assembly overview – axle beam
  250
• 2.2 Renewing bonded rubber bush for axle beam
  250
• 3 Subframe
  259
• 3.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  259
• 3.2 Assembly overview - add-on parts for subframe
  261
• 3.3 Fixing subframe in position
  262
• 3.4 Repairing subframe
  283
• 4 Anti-roll bar
  298
• 4.1 Assembly overview - anti-roll bar
  298
• 4.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  299
• 4.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  301
• 5 Suspension link, track rod
  304
• 5.1 Assembly overview - transverse link
  304
• 5.2 Assembly overview - track rod
  308
• 5.3 Removing and installing upper transverse link
  309
• 5.4 Removing and installing lower transverse link
  312
• 5.5 Removing and installing track rod
  314
• 6 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  317
• 6.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  317
• 6.2 Removing and installing shock absorber
  319
• 6.3 Repairing shock absorber
  326
• 6.4 Removing and installing spring
  329
• 7 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  340
• 7.1 Assembly overview – wheel bearing assembly
  340
• 7.2 Assembly overview - trailing arm
  343
• 7.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  345
• 7.4 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  358
• 7.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for wheel bearing housing
  369
• 7.6 Removing and installing trailing arm with mounting bracket
  372
• 7.7 Repairing trailing arm, standard trailing arm bushes
  381
• 8 Drive shaft
  387
• 8.1 Assembly overview – drive shaft
  387
• 8.2 Removing and installing drive shaft
  389
• 8.3 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  394
• 8.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  400
• 8.5 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  402
• 8.6 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  404
• Self-levelling suspension
  407
• 1 Electronically controlled damping system
  407
• 1.1 Assembly overview - electronically controlled damping system
  407
• 1.2 Removing and installing electronically controlled damping control unit J250
  413
• 1.3 Removing and installing front body acceleration senders G341/G342
  416
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear body acceleration sender G343
  417
• 2 Vehicle level sender
  419
• 2.1 Assembly overview - front vehicle level senders
  419
• 2.2 Assembly overview - rear vehicle level senders
  420
• 2.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78/G289
  422
• 2.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76/G77
  424
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  428
• 1 Wheel alignment
  428
• 1.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  428
• 1.2 Conditions for testing
  429
• 1.3 Test preparations
  429
• 1.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  431
• 1.5 Setting vehicle to initial position for wheel alignment
  442
• 1.6 Wheel alignment procedure
  443
• 1.7 Necessity of wheel alignment
  444
• 1.8 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  446
• 1.9 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  448
• 1.10 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  450
• 1.11 Adjusting front axle toe
  451
• 1.12 Wheel runout compensation
  452
• 1.13 Vehicle data sticker
  453
• 1.14 Checking maximum wheel lock
  453
• 2 Adaptive cruise control
  455
• 2.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  455
• 3 Front camera for driver assist systems
  480
• 3.1 Calibrating front camera for assist systems
  480
• Steering
  488
• 1 Steering wheel
  488
• 1.1 Assembly overview – steering wheel
  488
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  488
• 2 Steering column
  491
• 2.1 Assembly overview – steering column
  491
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  492
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  493
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  494
• 2.5 Removing and installing control unit for electronic steering column lock J764
  506
• 3 Steering rack
  508
• 3.1 Assembly overview – steering rack
  508
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  513
• 3.3 Removing and installing boot
  549
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  552
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  557
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  558
• 4 Sensors
  564
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  564