Running gear, axles, steering

Chapter overview

• Technical data
  1
• 1 Safety information
  1
• 1.1 Safety measures when working on vehicles with a start/stop system
  1
• 1.2 Safety precautions when working on subframe
  1
• 2 Repair notes
  2
• 2.1 Leaks at shock absorbers
  2
• 2.2 Noises from shock absorbers
  2
• 2.3 Checking shock absorbers when removed
  3
• 2.4 Steering rack
  3
• 2.5 Gaskets and seals
  4
• 2.6 Nuts and bolts
  4
• 2.7 Electrical components
  4
• 2.8 Raising suspension to unladen position (vehicles with coil springs)
  4
• 3 Evaluating accident vehicles
  10
• 3.1 Check list for evaluating running gear on accident vehicles
  10
• 4 Waste disposal
  12
• 4.1 Releasing gas and draining front gas-filled shock absorbers
  12
• 4.2 Releasing gas and draining rear gas-filled shock absorbers
  14
• Front suspension
  16
• 1 Front axle
  16
• 1.1 Overview of fitting locations - front axle
  16
• 2 Subframe
  17
• 2.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  17
• 2.2 Fixing position of subframe
  18
• 2.3 Lowering subframe
  21
• 2.4 Removing and installing subframe without steering rack
  25
• 2.5 Removing and installing subframe with steering rack
  29
• 2.6 Repairing subframe
  35
• 2.7 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  44
• 2.8 Removing and installing coupling rod
  49
• 2.9 Repairing thread in longitudinal member
  50
• 3 Suspension strut, upper suspension link
  51
• 3.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, upper suspension link
  51
• 3.2 Removing and installing suspension strut
  52
• 3.3 Repairing suspension strut
  59
• 4 Lower suspension link, swivel joint
  62
• 4.1 Assembly overview - lower suspension link, swivel joint
  62
• 4.2 Removing and installing lower suspension link
  63
• 4.3 Checking swivel joint
  69
• 4.4 Removing and installing swivel joint
  70
• 4.5 Renewing front bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  74
• 4.6 Renewing rear bonded rubber bush for lower suspension link
  77
• 5 Wheel bearing
  81
• 5.1 Assembly overview - wheel bearing
  81
• 5.2 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  82
• 5.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  87
• 6 Drive shaft
  91
• 6.1 Overview - drive shaft
  91
• 6.2 Assembly overview - drive shaft
  92
• 6.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  97
• 6.4 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  114
• 6.5 Removing and installing drive shaft heat shield
  116
• 6.6 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  116
• 6.7 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  131
• 6.8 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  132
• Rear suspension
  134
• 1 Rear axle
  134
• 1.1 Overview - rear axle
  134
• 1.2 Lowering rear axle
  139
• 1.3 Removing and installing rear axle
  144
• 1.4 Removing and installing shield for rear axle
  154
• 2 Axle beam
  155
• 2.1 Assembly overview – axle beam
  155
• 2.2 Renewing bonded rubber bush for axle beam
  156
• 3 Subframe
  163
• 3.1 Assembly overview – subframe
  163
• 3.2 Assembly overview - add-on parts for subframe
  165
• 3.3 Fixing position of subframe
  165
• 3.4 Repairing subframe
  173
• 4 Anti-roll bar
  186
• 4.1 Assembly overview - anti-roll bar
  186
• 4.2 Removing and installing anti-roll bar
  187
• 4.3 Removing and installing coupling rod
  188
• 5 Suspension link, track rod
  191
• 5.1 Assembly overview - transverse link
  191
• 5.2 Assembly overview - track rod
  194
• 5.3 Removing and installing upper transverse link
  195
• 5.4 Removing and installing lower transverse link
  197
• 5.5 Removing and installing track rod
  199
• 6 Suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  201
• 6.1 Assembly overview - suspension strut, shock absorber, spring
  201
• 6.2 Removing and installing shock absorbers
  203
• 6.3 Repairing shock absorber
  208
• 6.4 Removing and installing spring
  211
• 7 Wheel bearing assembly, trailing arm
  218
• 7.1 Assembly overview - wheel bearing
  218
• 7.2 Assembly overview - trailing arm
  222
• 7.3 Removing and installing wheel bearing housing
  222
• 7.4 Removing and installing wheel bearing unit
  232
• 7.5 Renewing bonded rubber bush for wheel bearing housing
  240
• 7.6 Removing and installing trailing arm with mounting bracket
  247
• 7.7 Repairing trailing arm
  250
• 8 Drive shaft
  254
• 8.1 Assembly overview - drive shaft
  254
• 8.2 Loosening and tightening threaded connections of drive shaft
  255
• 8.3 Removing and installing drive shaft
  257
• 8.4 Dismantling and assembling drive shaft
  261
• 8.5 Checking outer constant velocity joint
  266
• 8.6 Checking inner constant velocity joint
  268
• Self-levelling suspension
  271
• 1 Electronically controlled damping system
  271
• 1.1 Assembly overview - electronically controlled damping system
  271
• 1.2 Removing and installing electronically controlled damping control unit J250
  275
• 1.3 Removing and installing front body acceleration senders G341 / G342
  277
• 1.4 Removing and installing rear left body acceleration sender G699
  279
• 2 Vehicle level sender
  280
• 2.1 Assembly overview - front vehicle level senders
  280
• 2.2 Assembly overview - rear vehicle level senders
  281
• 2.3 Removing and installing front vehicle level senders G78 / G289
  283
• 2.4 Removing and installing rear vehicle level senders G76 / G77
  285
• Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
  288
• 1 Wheels, tyres
  288
• 1.1 Specified torques for wheel bolts
  288
• 1.2 Pressing tyre off wheel rim
  288
• 1.3 Removing tyre from wheel
  289
• 1.4 Fitting tyre
  289
• 1.5 Wheel change
  290
• 1.6 Tyre sealant disposal
  294
• 1.7 Models with breakdown set
  294
• 2 Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  296
• 2.1 System description - Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
  296
• 3 Wheel alignment
  298
• 3.1 Notes for wheel alignment
  298
• 3.2 Conditions for testing
  299
• 3.3 Test preparations
  299
• 3.4 Specifications for wheel alignment
  301
• 3.5 Wheel alignment procedure
  306
• 3.6 Necessity of wheel alignment
  308
• 3.7 Vehicle data sticker
  309
• 3.8 Adjusting camber at front wheels
  310
• 3.9 Adjusting camber on rear axle
  311
• 3.10 Adjusting toe at rear axle
  313
• 3.11 Adjusting front axle toe
  314
• 3.12 Wheel runout compensation
  315
• 3.13 Checking maximum wheel lock
  315
• 4 Vibration due to wheels/tyres - causes and rectification
  317
• 4.1 Causes of rough running
  317
• 4.2 Conducting a road test before balancing wheels
  317
• 4.3 Balancing wheel
  318
• 4.4 Vibration control system
  322
• 4.5 Checking radial and lateral runout of wheels and tyres
  322
• 4.6 Checking radial and lateral run-out on wheel rim
  323
• 4.7 Matching wheels and tyres
  324
• 4.8 Determining flat spots on tyres
  325
• 5 Adaptive cruise control
  327
• 5.1 Calibrating adaptive cruise control
  327
• 6 Front camera for assist systems
  341
• 6.1 Calibrating front camera for assist systems
  341
• Steering
  348
• 1 Steering wheel
  348
• 1.1 Assembly overview - steering wheel
  348
• 1.2 Removing and installing steering wheel
  348
• 2 Steering column
  351
• 2.1 Assembly overview - steering column
  351
• 2.2 Checking steering column for damage
  353
• 2.3 Handling and transporting steering column
  354
• 2.4 Removing and installing steering column
  355
• 2.5 Removing and installing control unit for electronic steering column lock J764
  363
• 3 Steering rack
  367
• 3.1 Assembly overview - steering rack
  367
• 3.2 Removing and installing steering rack
  370
• 3.3 Removing and installing boot
  377
• 3.4 Removing and installing track rod
  380
• 3.5 Removing and installing track rod ball joint
  383
• 3.6 Repairing steering rack
  384
• 4 Sensors
  388
• 4.1 Removing and installing steering angle sender G85
  388